Aunque Chiapas ha sido un estado prioritario en combate a la pobreza, el 76% de la población persiste en esta situación. El objetivo de este trabajo es distinguir perfiles de pobreza a nivel municipal para la entidad y proponer políticas públicas diferenciadas. La metodología combina análisis multivariado y sistemas de información geográfica. Se obtuvieron cuatro perfiles de pobreza que se presentan con mapas y propuestas de política pública diferenciadas. Se concluye que la pobreza es un tema de interés prioritario en Chiapas, y que para lograr resultados es necesario considerar las particularidades de cada perfil y priorizar acciones particulares.
Chloride (Cl−), traditionally considered harmful for agriculture, has recently been defined as a beneficial macronutrient with specific roles that result in more efficient use of water (WUE), nitrogen (NUE), and CO2 in well-watered plants. When supplied in a beneficial range of 1–5 mM, Cl− increases leaf cell size, improves leaf osmoregulation, and reduces water consumption without impairing photosynthetic efficiency, resulting in overall higher WUE. Thus, adequate management of Cl− nutrition arises as a potential strategy to increase the ability of plants to withstand water deficit. To study the relationship between Cl− nutrition and drought resistance, tobacco plants treated with 0.5–5 mM Cl− salts were subjected to sustained water deficit (WD; 60% field capacity) and water deprivation/rehydration treatments, in comparison with plants treated with equivalent concentrations of nitrate, sulfate, and phosphate salts. The results showed that Cl− application reduced stress symptoms and improved plant growth during water deficit. Drought resistance promoted by Cl− nutrition resulted from the simultaneous occurrence of water deficit avoidance and tolerance mechanisms, which improved leaf turgor, water balance, photosynthesis performance, and WUE. Thus, it is proposed that beneficial Cl− levels increase the ability of crops to withstand drought, promoting a more sustainable and resilient agriculture. ; Spanish Ministry of Science Innovation and Universities-FEDER grants AGL2015-71386-R and RTI2018- 094460-B-I00 ; Spanish National Research Council grants CSIC201840E132, CSIC-201940E039, and CSIC-201940E077 ; the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 895613.
Chloride (Cl-), traditionally considered harmful for agriculture, has recently been defined as a beneficial macronutrient with specific roles that result in more efficient use of water (WUE), nitrogen (NUE), and CO2 in well-watered plants. When supplied in a beneficial range of 1-5 mM, Cl- increases leaf cell size, improves leaf osmoregulation, and reduces water consumption without impairing photosynthetic efficiency, resulting in overall higher WUE. Thus, adequate management of Cl- nutrition arises as a potential strategy to increase the ability of plants to withstand water deficit. To study the relationship between Cl- nutrition and drought resistance, tobacco plants treated with 0.5-5 mM Cl- salts were subjected to sustained water deficit (WD; 60% field capacity) and water deprivation/rehydration treatments, in comparison with plants treated with equivalent concentrations of nitrate, sulfate, and phosphate salts. The results showed that Cl- application reduced stress symptoms and improved plant growth during water deficit. Drought resistance promoted by Cl- nutrition resulted from the simultaneous occurrence of water deficit avoidance and tolerance mechanisms, which improved leaf turgor, water balance, photosynthesis performance, and WUE. Thus, it is proposed that beneficial Cl- levels increase the ability of crops to withstand drought, promoting a more sustainable and resilient agriculture. ; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades AGL2015-71386-R, RTI2018- 094460-B-I00 ; European Union 895613
